Months into the experiments, Pasteur let cultures of fowl cholera stand idle while he went on vacation. When he returned and the same procedure was attempted, the chickens did not become diseased as before.
Pasteur could easily have deduced that the culture was dead and could not be revived, but instead he was inspired to inoculate the experimental chickens with a virulent culture. Amazingly, the chickens survived and did not become diseased; they were protected by a microbe attenuated over time. Realizing he had discovered a technique that could be extended to other diseases, Pasteur returned to his study of anthrax. Pasteur produced vaccines from weakened anthrax bacilli that could indeed protect sheep and other animals.
In public demonstrations at Pouilly-le-Fort before crowds of observers, twenty-four sheep, one goat, and six cows were subjected to a two-part course of inoculations with the new vaccine, on May 5, , and again on May Meanwhile a control group of twenty-four sheep, one goat, and four cows remained unvaccinated. On May 31 all the animals were inoculated with virulent anthrax bacilli, and two days later, on June 2, the crowd reassembled. Pasteur and his collaborators arrived to great applause.
The effects of the vaccine were undeniable: the vaccinated animals were all alive. Of the control animals all the sheep were dead except three wobbly individuals who died by the end of the day, and the four unprotected cows were swollen and feverish. The single goat had expired too. Pasteur then wanted to move into the more difficult area of human disease, in which ethical concerns weighed more heavily.
He looked for a disease that afflicts both animals and humans so that most of his experiments could be done on animals, although here too he had strong reservations. Rabies, the disease he chose, had long terrified the populace, even though it was in fact quite rare in humans.
Rabies presented new obstacles to the development of a successful vaccine, primarily because the microorganism causing the disease could not be specifically identified; nor could it be cultured in vitro in the laboratory and not in an animal. Elected to the Science Academy mineralogy section. Study of the role of mycoderma in acetic fermentation. Awarded the Alhumbert Prize for his research on spontaneous generation. Birth of his daughter Camille died in Research on wine and the effect of oxygen in air on the winemaking process.
Filed a patent for a process used to preserve and improve wine by moderate heating in anaerobic conditions, which came to be known as pasteurization. Research on silkworm diseases. Publication of "Studies on wine". Publication of an essay on the scientific work of Claude Bernard. Appointed professor of organic chemistry at the Sorbonne. Awarded the Grand Prix at the Universal Exposition for his research on wine. Degree of Doctor of Medicine honoris causa from the University of Bonn.
Made a Commander of the Legion of Honor. Publication of research on vinegar. Louis Pasteur suffered a stroke that paralyzed his left side. Memorandum on the fermentation of urine. Research on anthrax. Research on septicemia. Made a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor. Publication of the paper "Germ theory and its applications to medicine and surgery". Developed the chicken cholera vaccine using an attenuated microbe. Research on gangrene, septicemia and puerperal fever.
Paper on the plague. Discovery of immunization using attenuated cultures. Portrait above. Appointed member of the Central Society of Veterinary Medicine. Paper on virulent diseases Louis Pasteur established the principle of virus vaccines for the very first time.
Beginning of research on rabies. Received the Grand Croix of the Legion of Honor. Developed the anthrax vaccine. Work on yellow fever near Bordeaux. Paper on contagious pleuropneumonia in cattle.
Research on erysipelothrix infection. New papers on rabies. Paper on pathogenic microbes and attenuated-virus vaccines at the Copenhagen Congress. Louis Pasteur presented the general principle of vaccination of virulent diseases.
Elected Life Secretary of the Science Academy. Suffered a second attack of paralysis. Last photograph taken of Louis Pasteur. By itself, it can neither encourage ideas nor stimulate anything great. But without it, everything is useless. It always has the last word. Chemistry and the observation of crystals led him to study fermentation.
And this led to his disproving of the spontaneous generation theory, a key discovery which opened the doors to microbiology and vaccination. The whole story. In , he completed his Bachelor of Science degree at the Besancon College Royal de la Franche with honors in physics, mathematics, and Latin. He moved on to the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris to study physics and chemistry. He received his doctoral degree in He also described the process of fermentation for the first time, invented the process of pasteurization, and developed important scientific theories such as the germ theory of disease.
He began his career working as a chemist, studying the shapes of organic crystals. He was able to prove that the organic molecules with the same chemical composition can exist in space in unique stereo specific forms. And with this work, at just 26 years of age, Pasteur launched the new science of stereochemistry.
Pasteur served on the faculty of science of Dijon briefly and then transferred to Strasbourg University where he met and married Marie Laurent. They would later have five children, three of whom died of typhoid fever.
This might have helped motivate Pasteur to save people from diseases later in his career. Often, instead of alcohol, the fermentations yielded lactic acid.
At the time, fermentation was believed to be a pure chemical process in which sugar was transformed into alcohol.
0コメント